Micro and Macro Economics Analysis of British Airways Coursework

Micro and Macro Economics Analysis of British Airways - Coursework Example Microeconomic Analysis Some of the demand and supply factors that have affected the profitability of British Airways as a company over the years include economic conditions, competition from other airlines, rise and fall in global oil prices, changes in government policy, and employees’ expenses. Economic conditions include one important demand and supply factor that affects the profitability of British Airways. For example, in the first few years of the new millennium, global recession has hit hard the company’s profitability. Generally, global recession means that the world’s economy is shrinking. A bad economy means that many people will not have a lot of money in their accounts to tour the world and in the process, affecting the company’s demand. This in the long run affects the profits of the company. Competition from other airlines is also a factor that affects the British Airways’ profitability. In the new millennium, the emergence of many lo w-cost airlines has really affected the company’s profitability by reducing the demand. ... When global oil prices rise, the cost of jet fuel, which is a by-product of the refined oil, will also rise. This will lead to a significant rise in the price of air tickets and in the long run, reducing the demand as well as the company’s profits tremendously. The vice-versa happens when the global oil prices fall. Recently, when oil prices rose, knowing that this would affect the company’s profits tremendously, BA executives took part in an illegal act of fixing fuel surcharges. This led to the fining of BA and the executives charged with a criminal act (Thompson and Martin, 2010, p.298) Government policy also affects the company’s profitability. When the government issues travel advisories to some destinations in the world due to terrorist attacks, the number of travelers to those destinations goes down and in the process reduces the company’s profits that would have been made in travels to those destinations. For example, the terrorist attacks on the W orld trade center had the government informing people of how the situation on the ground was and in the process, the number of travelers reduced tremendously bringing down the company’s profits. Employees’ expense is another factor that affects British Airways profitability. It forms a big part of the company’s costs which are later passed down to the travelers and which affects demand. For example, in 2002 when the British Airways was restructuring its business operations, it had to have 13,000 job cuts. This job cuts were an attempt by the company to cut its costs by 650 million pounds. This showed how employee expenses as a factor has a big impact on the company’s profitability (Young, 2007, p.42) Â   Â   The market structure in which the chosen company operates in is a

McDonald's and its cultural branding principle through effective Essay

McDonald's and its cultural branding principle through effective communication process - Essay Example Fast foods have become integral parts of everybody’s fast-paced life. With them, it is just easy to manage time. There is convenience and even saving of the most valuable resource one could potentially and relatively consider, time. As everybody is faced with very demanding daily schedules, fast foods have proven themselves effective at coping time and meeting deadlines. This specifically created a wonderful opportunity for McDonald’s to meet the prevailing needs in the market via comprehensive marketing techniques. Things did not simply come smoothly for McDonald’s the easy way around. It needed to substantially invest in creating its name through effective communication process. One important move it was able to successfully perform in order to achieve its place in the competition right now was its ability to differentiate its product service. It substantially aimed at giving the world its favorite foods, but in a unique way, which provides a greater value for customer experience. McDonald’s simply has marketing freedom. With this business privilege, McDonald’s has become a powerful company in the world, a producer of knowledge, opener of public consciousness and a great deceiver because there is freedom on its part to use the media with a corresponding advertising budget. This implies that media advertisements are considered to be great ways to influence people and keep the target consumers informed about the latest line of product and service offerings of McDonald’s.

Things Fall Apart By Chinua Ac :: essays research papers

Chinua Achebe wrote the novel, Things Fall Apart, which is a great piece of African literature that deals with the Ibo culture, society, and history. One place where the Ibo religion is practiced is in the village of Umuofia in Africa, where the story takes place. On the other hand, Christianity is a very common religion that is practiced all over the world. Although Christianity and Ibo are both types of religions, they have many differences. One way the religions are different is the Ibo practice polytheism and Christians practice monotheism. A second difference is the Ibo believe in animate Gods unlike Christians who believe in an inanimate God. Another contrast is the Ibo practice polygamy unlike the Christians who practice monogamy. A final contrast is the afterlives of the two religions. First of all, the Ibo practice polytheism and Christians practice monotheism. Polytheism is the belief in more than one God, and monotheism is the belief in one God. Christians believe in one supreme creator of the heavens and the earth, who is called God. In contrast, the Ibo have various gods who they worship. The conversation between Mr. Brown, a Christian missionary in the village of Umuofia, and Akunna, a member of Umuofia, explains the Ibo religion very well. Akunna said that the Ibo believe in one supreme God also, but they call him Chukwu because â€Å"he made all the world and the other gods.† Mr. Brown made the comment that the Ibo worship carved wood and Akunna replied by saying,†The tree from which it came was made by Chukwu, as indeed all the minor gods were.† Akunna also said that the Ibo â€Å"make sacrifices to the little gods, but when they fail and there is no one else to turn to they go to Chukwu.† (179-180). Another god, besides carved wood, that the Ibo worship is the Oracle of the Hills and the Caves. The Ibo believe they must do whatever the Oracle of the Hills and Caves says or they will be punished. An example of this is when the Oracle of the Hills and Caves pronounces that Ikemefuna, the boy living with Okonkwo, be killed. Since the Oracle of the Hills and Caves had said it must be done, the men of Umuofia took the boy outside the village and killed him. (57). Another god the Ibo worship is the snake, which is called the sacred python.

External Analysis

External Analysis 1. PESTLE Factors Political and Legal · Government has high work efficiency, justice and transparency.  · Company or individual have low tax rate easy to calculate.  · Government supports the development of industry and commerce. | Economic ·Hong Kong is the world’s 11th trading powers and 2nd stock market in Asia.  ·One of the most free trade port and open investment policy. It is the only one RMB offshore market.  ·Over-estimation of the number of visitors. Loss $46 million in the second year and $12 million in its third year. | Socio-Cultural ·By colonial influence, Hong Kong’s culture will more closely to the western country.  ·More open and easy then investment in mainland China. Widely recognized as one of the freest economies in the world.  ·Well adapt the Chinese culture.  ·Marketing campaign was not aggressive enough. | Technological ·Diversification in Business and professional service. Have highly educated professional talents and modern management structure. | Environmental ·Resulted in major environmental problem, such as the death of the marine life and pollution from the nightly fireworks display. | | 2. Implication of PESTLE Analysis * As the management over-estimation of the number of visitors and with the Shanghai Disneyland will open in 2014, Disney HK should consider expansion their current target markets, not only focusing on the visitors are from the mainland China. Hong Kong Disney should be more aggressive in their marketing campaign to let more visitors will able to make more visit. At the same time, Disney HK should improve their service quality also the management as well. * Hong Kong public feels that Disney has shown little respect for the sentiments of people and has exhibited little social responsibility. Disney HK should increasing emphasis on environmentally and become more socially responsible. External Analysis External Analysis 1. PESTLE Factors Political and Legal · Government has high work efficiency, justice and transparency.  · Company or individual have low tax rate easy to calculate.  · Government supports the development of industry and commerce. | Economic ·Hong Kong is the world’s 11th trading powers and 2nd stock market in Asia.  ·One of the most free trade port and open investment policy. It is the only one RMB offshore market.  ·Over-estimation of the number of visitors. Loss $46 million in the second year and $12 million in its third year. | Socio-Cultural ·By colonial influence, Hong Kong’s culture will more closely to the western country.  ·More open and easy then investment in mainland China. Widely recognized as one of the freest economies in the world.  ·Well adapt the Chinese culture.  ·Marketing campaign was not aggressive enough. | Technological ·Diversification in Business and professional service. Have highly educated professional talents and modern management structure. | Environmental ·Resulted in major environmental problem, such as the death of the marine life and pollution from the nightly fireworks display. | | 2. Implication of PESTLE Analysis * As the management over-estimation of the number of visitors and with the Shanghai Disneyland will open in 2014, Disney HK should consider expansion their current target markets, not only focusing on the visitors are from the mainland China. Hong Kong Disney should be more aggressive in their marketing campaign to let more visitors will able to make more visit. At the same time, Disney HK should improve their service quality also the management as well. * Hong Kong public feels that Disney has shown little respect for the sentiments of people and has exhibited little social responsibility. Disney HK should increasing emphasis on environmentally and become more socially responsible.

Gender Inequality Affects The Entire World - 1784 Words

Gender inequality affects the entire world. It exists everywhere you look and in everything you do, the workplace being the most prominent. Peggy Young, a former UPS worker, experienced gender inequality. Due to her pregnancy, she was no longer able to lift the seventy pounds UPS required of the drivers, so she requested a change in workload. The company declined and put her on an unpaid leave ultimately leading to a lawsuit. In March of 2015, the Supreme Court ruled in Young’s favor because of the past accommodations UPS made for workers who could not work up to their standards because of physical restriction (Zhou).Gender bias prevails mainly in jobs and schools. The average person does not realize how bad the workplace can be for inequality against women, so it is very shocking to them when they find out that women only make $.79 to a man’s dollar (Covert). In order to prevent this unfair persecution of women, several changes need to occur in order to achieve gender equality and close the wage gap. However, the Supreme Court needs to take a big step and pass legislation ensuring women equal and fair treatment for women in all areas of society, especially in the workplace. If men and women make equal pay, it will affect the lives of everyone, therefore both genders need to strive to achieve this goal. In most cases, gender bias and stereotypes in the workplace is traceable to the stereotypes ingrained in people s minds while in school. Society expects young children toShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality : A Feminist Perspective770 Words   |  4 Pagestopics of gender inequality become more and more popular in the society because a lot of reports show that many women are killed by bias on all over the world every year and women are hard to find a job in some places nowadays. 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Watson begins her address by explaining the HeForShe campaign and calling out for support. Immediately, she appeals to ethos by establishingRead MoreWomen s Representation Of Women994 Words   |  4 PagesWomen’s representation remains an ongoing issue that not only affects the lives of women, but the entire society. Females have been raised to believe that appearances will get them far in life instead of other factors such as intelligence and the ability to succeed without depending on their looks. Along with the hindering misconception of females’ level of intelligence, the media continues to support the minoritization of females. Students must realize that to change how society perceives womenRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Organization Essay1695 Words   |  7 Pagesof the voiceless† by showing the world the plight of Afghan women, in a country that is ruled by the Taliban (Farrell and McDermott 37). Furthermore, RAWA was highly depended on Western powers, especially U.S feminists, to help relieve Taliban oppression (Farrell and McDermott 42). Although Western feminist groups such as the Feminist Majority tried to help alleviate the oppression Afghan women suffered, their representation of Afghan women reproduced inequalities and positioned the West as beingRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1673 Words   |  7 Pages Gender inequality Women are one-half of the world population they deserve equal opportunity as men because at the end gender equality is part of humanity progress. Many women around the world are treated less favoured than men not only in countries that have traditional gender role but even in societies that believe in equal right for both male and female. Gender inequality means unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It results from differences in socially constructedRead MoreGender Equality Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesIn todays world, when you look around there are so many different types of people. Different races, different backgrounds, and also different stories. We live in a world of a diverse group of people. Some would think living in such a diverse world we would form a common ground and maybe unite together to be equal but that is far from true. No Im not talking about the inequality of people based off of race or background, the grouping of sex is the is sue here. From the beginning of time till nowRead MoreHorrific Treatment Women In The Middle East. Spring 2017.1718 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscrimination problems are usually problems that date way back in time. For example, the labeling of women as the weaker sex, or the gender that must make all the emotional decisions in the house is dehumanizing for them. 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10 Pros and Cons of Being a School Principal

There are many pros and cons that come with being a principal. It can be a rewarding job, and it can also be an extremely stressful job. Not everyone is cut out to be a principal. There are certain defining characteristics that a good principal will possess. If you are thinking of becoming a principal, it is crucial that you weigh all the pros and cons that come with the job. Take all factors of both sides into consideration before making your final decision. If you do not feel you can handle the cons, stay away from this profession. If you believe that the cons are only roadblocks, and the pros are well worth it, then go for it. Being a principal can be a terrific career option for the right person. Pros of Being a School Principal Salary. The median expected annual salary of a principal is over $100,000, while the median expected annual salary for a teacher is under $60,000. That is a significant increase in salary and can have a substantial impact on your family’s financial status, as well as on your retirement. That increase in salary is well-earned, as you will see when we look at the cons. There is no denying that a significant increase in salary makes it appealing to a lot of people to make that jump from teacher to principal. However, it is essential that you do not make that decision based on salary alone. Variety. Redundancy is never an issue when you are a school principal. No two days are ever alike. Each day brings new challenges, new problems, and new adventures. This can be exciting and keeps things fresh. You can go into a day with a solid plan of things to do and fail to accomplish a single thing that you expected. You never know what will await you on any particular day. Being a principal is never boring. As a teacher, you establish a routine and mostly teach the same concepts each year. As a principal, there is never an established routine. Each day has its own unique routine that dictates itself as time passes. Control. As the school leader, you will have more control over virtually every aspect of your building. You will often be the lead decision-maker. You will typically have at least some control over key decisions, such as hiring a new teacher, changing curriculum and programs, and scheduling. This control allows you to put your stamp on the quality of the school. It provides you with the opportunity to implement the vision that you have for your school. You will also have total control over daily decisions, including student discipline, teacher evaluations, professional development, and so on. Success. As the building principal, you will also get credit when credit is due. When an individual student, teacher, coach, or team succeeds, you also succeed. You get to celebrate in those successes because a decision you made somewhere along the line likely helped lead to that success. When someone associated with the school is recognized for outstanding achievement in some area, it typically means that the right decisions have been made. This can often be traced back to a principal’s leadership. It may be as straightforward as hiring the right teacher or coach, implementing and supporting a new program, or offering a particular student the right motivation. Impact. As a teacher, you often only have an impact on the students you teach. Make no mistake that this impact is significant and direct. As a principal, you can have a larger, indirect impact on students, teachers, and support personnel. The decisions you make can affect everyone. For example, working closely with a young teacher who needs some direction and guidance has a tremendous impact on both the teacher and every student they will ever teach. As a principal, your impact is not limited to a single classroom. A single decision can be transcendent throughout the entire school. School Principal Cons Time. Effective teachers spend a lot of extra time in their classrooms and at home. However, principals spend a much greater amount of time doing their jobs. Principals are often the first one to school and the last one to leave. In general, they are on a 12-month contract, getting only two to four weeks of vacation time during the summer. They also have several conferences and professional development duties they are required to attend. Principals are usually expected to attend almost every extra-curricular event. In many cases, this can mean attending events three to four nights a week during the school year. Principals spend a lot of time away from their homes and their families throughout the school year. Responsibility. Principals have a greater workload than teachers do. They are no longer responsible for only a few subjects with a handful of students. Instead, a principal is responsible for every student, every teacher/coach, every supporting member, and every program in their building. A principal’s responsibility footprint is enormous. You have your hand in everything, and this can be overwhelming. You have to be organized, self-aware, and confident to keep up with all of those responsibilities. Student discipline issues arise every day. Teachers require assistance on a daily basis. Parents request meetings to voice concerns regularly. You are the one responsible for handling each of these, as well as a plethora of other issues that occur within your school every day. Negativity. As a principal, you deal with many more negatives than you will positives. The only time you typically deal with students face-to-face is because of a discipline issue. Each case is different, but they are all negative. You also get to handle teachers complaining about students, parents, and other teachers. When parents request a meeting, it is almost always because they want to complain about a teacher or another student. These constant dealings with all things negative can become overwhelming. There will be times you will need to shut your office door or go observe an extraordinary teacher’s classroom just to escape all the negativity for a few minutes. However, handling all of these negative complaints and issues is a substantial part of your job. You must effectively address each issue, or you will not be a principal for long. Failures. As discussed earlier, you will receive credit for successes. It is also crucial to note that you will also be responsible for failures. This is especially true if your building is a low-performing school based on standardized test performance. As the leader of the building, it is your responsibility to have programs in place to assist in maximizing student performance. When your school fails, someone has to be the scapegoat, and that could fall on your shoulders. There are many other ways to fail as a principal that could jeopardize your job. Some of those include making a series of damaging hires, failing to protect a student who has been bullied, and keeping a teacher who is known to be ineffective. Many of these failures are avoidable with hard work and dedication. However, some failures will occur no matter what you do, and you will be linked to them because of your position in the building. Politics. Unfortunately, there is a political component to being a principal. You have to be diplomatic in your approach with students, teachers, and parents. You cannot always say what you want to say. You have to remain professional at all times. There are also occasions where you may be pressured into making a decision that makes you uncomfortable. This pressure may come from a prominent community member, school board member, or your district superintendent. This political game could be as straightforward as two parents wanting their children to be in the same class. It may also become complicated in a situation where a school board member approaches you to request that a football player who is failing a class is allowed to play. There are times like this when you must make an ethical stand even if you know it may cost you. The political game can be hard to play. However, when you are in a position of leadership, you can bet that there will be some politics involved. Sources Public School Teacher  Salary in the United States. Salary.com, 2019.   School Principal  Salary in the United States. Salary.com, 2019.

Cognitive Behavioral Approach And Postmodern Approach

The counselors will focus on two main models, cognitive behavioral approach and postmodern approach. Theories included under the cognitive behavioral model approach believe most behaviors, cognitions, and emotions are learned and can be modified with new learning. Corey (2014) explains the approach also includes the ability to develop new perspectives on ways of learning and educational treatment focusing on specific and structured target problems as well as placing the majority of the responsibility on the group member. Under this branch of counseling theories, the counselors have chosen to practice Behavior Therapy. Behavior Therapy is a method in which the group leaders are responsible for their own outcome. The leaders will establish a baseline information of the group to get a better understanding of what they are working with. Group members will establish clear specific goals that are concrete, measurable, and objective. The therapeutic relationship is of central importance and critical to the outcome of sessions. Leaders functioning under this theory are active and directive to function as consultants and problem solvers (Corey, 2014). Not only do leaders function as problem solvers the group members also act as consultants and coaches. The goal by using behavior therapy is to eliminate maladaptive behaviors and replace them with more constructive patterns. Techniques behavior therapy uses in order to direct the group to behavior modification are including:Show MoreRelatedPsychodynamic Approach On Human Nature1108 Words   |  5 Pagesnumerous issues; however, there is no one way to approach the matter. Recently, I completed a Determine your Theoretical Approach inventory. During this inventory, I was asked multiple questions that would determine my approach with dealing with human nature. There are four categories of theoretical approaches for counseling. The four categories are: psychodynamic, cognitive- behavioral, existential- humanistic, and postmodern approach. â€Å"Psychodynamic approach sees human functioning based upon the interactionRead MoreFeminist Vs. Postmodern Therapies928 Words   |  4 Pagesdistinct views compared to the other conventional methods we have covered. The approaches that will be discussed in this paper include feminist and postmodern therapies. These two approaches give us insight on a feminist perspe ctive and their struggle for equality, while the other focuses on client exceptions and not dwelling on the past. I felt that postmodern therapies are a real way to give the client not only hope but confidence, by allowing them to see how â€Å" instances of success† or â€Å"exceptions† allowRead MoreMy Own Initial Theory Of An Unconscious And Conscious Affect The Functioning Of The Person816 Words   |  4 Pages1. My psychodynamic score is 68% with sub-scores of 83% Psychoanalysis, 63% Analytical and 58% Individual Psychology. My Cognitive-Behavior Score is 87% with sub-scores of 93% Behavioral, 96% REBT, 100% Congnitive-Behavioral and 61% Reality therapy. My Existential Humanist Score is 77% with sub-scores of 65% Existential, 85% Person-Centered and 83% Gestalt. My PostModern Score is 61% with sub-scores of 71% Narrative and 51% Solution-Focused. As stated in the Psychodynamic section of our textbookRead MoreSolution-Focused Brief Therapy1557 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Introduction Solution-focused Brief therapy is a postmodern, constructivist advancement that uniquely focuses on the resolution of the concerns of the client. It mainly puts an emphasis on facilitating the clients by identifying and prioritizing the solutions. In short, the solution-focused approach is founded on the ground that change can occur over a brief period of time (Hepworth et.al, 2010). 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Interventions that are currently being utilized are psychotherapy, school, family, social and groupRead MoreGestalt Therapy And Postmodern Approaches1810 Words   |  8 PagesIntegrative Perspective is an effective way to help shape your personality into your psychological method of therapy. This type of approach helps bring together all personality aspects into one form of cognitive and behavioral functioning. Integrating this perspective makes it possible for people facing obstacles to do it more openly and much more freely as they don’t have a pre-formed opinion or expectation to the given situation. The aim of integrative perspective is to facilitate their wholenessRead MoreNarrative And Cognitive Behavioral Therapies ( Cbt )2433 Words   |  10 PagesThe th erapeutic sessions I have had this year revolved around Narrative and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies (CBT). When I am meeting with a client my first approach is to always listen to the clients and then from what they tell me, decide which direction I want to precede. At my field placement at Belmont Behavioral Hospital this year, most of the clients I have come into contact with have either had deaths in their family, or been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, depression, or other diagnoses thatRead MoreWhat Qualities Make An Individual A Good Fit890 Words   |  4 Pagesshould always be open for improvement. Through these skills it would allow me to learn about others and keep an open mind, which is a great human service professional quality. Another assessment was our view of human nature. I was tied between cognitive behavioral and existential humanist. This is important when it involves individual’s views of human nature. I believe everybody is born with good intentions and change through learning experiences. Although, I never thought genetics had anything to do